One Day at Work Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples

One Day at Work Consistently, I followed the regular old daily practice. Get up, have breakfast, discover my work vest, get dressed, leave. White polo shirt, pants, and tennis shoes. Minimal red PharMor vest. Each and every day. No variety, zero chance for change or inventiveness. When working some place as commonplace as a supermarket, you nearly implore that something energizing transpires during the day. In any case, never does a clerk want to experience a colossally bad tempered client, the way that one summer day showed up for me. I followed my uninteresting everyday practice, showing up for take a shot at time, punching in, and coming back to the front to start my work day. The store was for the most part quiet, aside from the consistent blaring of the registers, the squabbling of old couples, and the murmur of movement whirling about the administrator's work area. As it were, there was nothing strange at all at past PharMor. I was utilized to the clamor, to the persnickety remarks from clients, and to our wry directors. Exactly when I thought I'd heard each conceivable protest, seen each conceivable mishap - it deteriorated. ...

Industry Analysis Breadtalk

Industry Analysis Future viewpoint and patterns For its standpoint, BreadTalk got ready for the China and territorial market and rising food cost. This is the biggest test for the Bakery business. BreadTalk will abbreviate the flexibly chain and purchasing in mass comprehensively for economies of scale. Shanghai is one of the model that BreadTalk have effectively directed utilizing solidified mixture to capture rising work and rental expenses while keeping up the nature of our items. This is to energize that BreadTalk will investigate the chance of broadening this activity past Shanghai. The BreadTalk Transit model has additionally demonstrated to be a productive model for quick development and its potential we will be saddled to speed up development. For Market Trends, KFC, McDonald's, Long John Silver's and Pizza Hut were commanding a large portion of the chains in the past in Singapore. In any case, patterns have been changed for quite a long time. Nearby Brands were supplanted. BreadTalk controls 55% of Indonesia’s pastry shop market and it becomes goliath establishments command the Southeast Asia area. (Fresin Fries,2012) Analysis of contenders BreadTalk works in the profoundly serious F&B industry which has near no obstructions to passage. A portion of its rivals are built up players in the bread kitchen and candy parlor businesses and may have more prominent budgetary and promoting assets. The passage of new contenders into the equivalent F&B fragments or into the quick territories around the group’s retail outlets may influence its income (CIMB Research Report,2009). Concentrating on principle contenders, the immediate contenders of BreadTalk outlets are nearby names, for example, Four Leaves and My Bread (CIMB Research Report,2009). Market division BreadTalk separates itself into three sections: pastry kitchen, food court and café. The bread kitchen fragment isn't just pastry kitchen items yet it incorporates the matter of assembling and retailing of a wide range of food additionally diversifying. For the administration and activity of food , beverages and beverages outlets are in the fragment of food court. For working food and beverages outlets, eating houses and cafés are in eatery section (CorporateInformation. com, 2012). Industry figures According to CIMB Research Report in 2009, BreadTalk anticipated that its income should develop at 10-15% over from the year 2009-2011. It is no longer piece of the gathering after the removal of its 70%-possessed Twin Peak Venture Singapore Pte Ltd. BreadTalk expected benefit development to get to around 31% this year from the opening of new outlets in 2009 and lower crude material expenses. Its net benefit was anticipated CAGR of 29. 3% for 2009-2011. Portrayal of Venture Products and Services BreadTalk ® Group Limited runs 7 segments of items and administration. BreadTalk, the primary area, keys as the pastry shop chain that has more than 1,000 unique kinds of pastry shop. While the Icing Room, second, sells a wide scope of cakes, baked goods and treats and carries with it a special suggestion of permitting clients to finish their own cakes. Third, Toast Box was created in 2005 as the coffeehouses during the 1960s and 70s age. It serves customary top picks, for example, nutty spread thick toast, mee siam, kaya toast and delicate bubbled eggs. Espresso and other hot refreshments are likewise arranged in the customary â€Å"pulled† style. Food Republic , fourth, offers a wide spread of nearby vendor and road food under one rooftop and in a cooled situation. Fifth, Din Tai Fung Din is known for the sound house claims to fame, for example, its ‘Xiao Long Bao’ (steamed pork dumplings). 6th, Carl’s Junior which is a cheap food chain offering succulent, premium-quality charbroiled burgers in western US. The last one, The Station Kitchen which is the group’s incorporated F&B idea for coffee shops, one of Singapore’s most recent clubbing problem areas (BreadTalk,2012). Size of business BreadTalk was established as F&B administrator in Singapore in 2000 and recorded on the SGX in 2003 and became BreadTalk ® Group Limited with worldwide staff quality of in excess of 6,000 workers, the Group has a system of more than 500 pastry kitchen outlets in 16 nations. It additionally works 13 Michelin Star Din Tai Fung eateries in Singapore and Thailand, just as more than 30 honor winning Food Republic food chamber in Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand. (BreadTalk. com,2012). As per SME grant winning for 2010 in Singapore, HSBC was the way to support the honor of SME along with DP Information Group, has raised the status of SMEs and business people by recognizing their accomplishments. Precisely, Breadtalk Group Limited was accomplished Sales/Turnover Growth Excellence Award (HSBC. com,2012) Office hardware and staff The idea of Breadtalk is about the pastry shops with our particular smooth and clean lines and mark ‘see-through' kitchens exhibiting the mastery of our cooks. It additionally cause clients to feel recognizable and warm dear kinships into its stores. Cheerful Chefs are the new characters of Breadtalk in various nationalities. The focal points of the stores are the bread show cases. It is removed like features of a precious stone, drawing out the newness like their gems †the newly prepared sweet-smelling breads. The new stores additionally reproduce the air of a companion's kitchen. Outfitted with new cutting edge pastry shop gear imported from Germany, Spain and Japan, the taste, fragrance, quality and surface consistency of our breads are additionally upgraded. New staff outfits likewise ecologically agreeable bundling for all items complete the whole new look. The new idea stores will be turned out step by step in Singapore and abroad to additionally strengthen a strong marking exertion (BreadTalk,2012) Background of business visionaries BreadTalk was consolidated in Singapore on 6 Mar 03 as a speculation holding organization. Its primary auxiliary, BreadTalk Pte Ltd, is a private restricted organization joined in Singapore on 24 Apr 2000. The gathering was established by its overseeing chief, Mr George Quek and Executive Director, Ms Katherine Lee. It was recorded on the SGX Catalist Board in 2003 (CIMB Research Report,2009). Brief For industry investigation can be summed up into Market division of BreadTalk were separated itself into three fragments: pastry kitchen, food court and eatery which many subjected lines of the principle division. Examination of contender from CIMB Research in 2009, the direct ompetitors of BreadTalk outlets are nearby names, for example, Four Leaves and My Bread Future viewpoint and patterns was arranged by BreadTalk to venture into China and provincial market and rising food cost. As it is the biggest test for the Bakery business. BreadTalk will abbreviate the flexibly chain and purchasing in mass comprehensively for economies of scale. Industry gauges was accounted for by CI MB Research in 2009 that BreadTalk’s income developed as they expect and the net benefit was determined to grow up additional in 2009-2011. Portrayal of Venture Items and Services of BreadTalk ® Group Limited can be gathered into 7 segments : BreadTalk keys as the pastry kitchen chain. The Icing Room sells a wide scope of cakes, baked goods and treats and permitting clients to finish their own cakes. Toast Box is the cafés during the 1960s and 70s age. Food Republic offers a wide spread of nearby seller and road food with a cooled domain. Commotion Tai Fung is the solid house. Carl’s Junior is a cheap food chain offering delicious, premium-quality charbroiled burgers in western US. The last one, The Station Kitchen is the group’s incorporated F;B idea for cafes. Size of business, BreadTalk was established as F;B administrator in Singapore in 2000 and recorded on the SGX in 2003 and became BreadTalk ® Group Limited and won SME grants from numerous foundations. Office gear and work force were reestablish again with the idea of inviting kitchen , well disposed companionship and the most perfect. Foundation of business visionaries said in CIMB Research Report in 2009 that BreadTalk was consolidated in Singapore on 6 March 2003 as a venture holding organization. The gathering was established by Mr George Quek and Executive Director, Ms Katherine Lee. It was recorded on the SGX Catalist Board in 2003. Reference BreadTalk. com, 2012, Breadtalk Concept recovered 19 July, 2012 from http://breadtalk. listedcompany. com/idea. html Breadtalk. com, 2012, Business Review, recovered 19 July, 2012 from http://www. breadtalk. com/business-survey. html Fresin,F. , 2012, Fast Food Restaurant Business Plan, Market Segmentation, recovered 19 July, 2012 from http://www. bplans. com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/market_analysis_summary_fc. php#ixzz213vUZ1us CIMB Research Report, 2009, BreadTalk Group Limited, Main rivals, recovered 19 July, 2012 from http://breadtalk. listedcompany. com/misc/BreadTalk_Initiation. pdf CIMB Research Report, 2009, BreadTalk Group Limited,Background, recovered 19 July, 2012 from http://breadtalk. listedcompany. com/misc/BreadTalk_Initiation. pdf CorporateInformation. com, 2012, Breadtalk Group Ltd, recovered 19 July, 2012 from http://www. corporateinformation. com/Company-SnapShot. aspx? cusip=C702VL300;from=Manta HSBC. com , 2012, Industry Event , recovered 23 July,2012 from http://www. hsbc. com. sg/1/2/business/news-and-occasions/occasions/sme500

Medical School Secondary Application Essays - Secondary Application

Medical School Secondary Application Essays - Secondary Application How to Survive Secondary Application Season How to Survive Secondary Application Season Every harried med school applicant knows it: secondary application season is upon us. You’ve come so far already: you got the grades (even in organic chemistry!), you took the MCAT, you nailed your AMCAS personal statement, and you’re steeling yourself for the grueling schedule of interview season. You’ve probably spent your life acing tests and nailing first impressions, but few among us are truly prepared for the sheer volume of writing required by secondary applications. First, the good news: when a school invites you to submit a secondary application, you’ve already made the first cut! But don’t rest on your laurels because thousands of your peers will also receive secondaries. Now for the bad news (because we know a little competition doesn’t scare you): You often have a very short window to respond (maybe a few weeks) and there are a LOT of questions to answer. Secondaries also tend to come out at random intervals. As they pile up, deadlines become increasingly hard to make (or even remember). So as things heat up this secondary application season, we’ve got some tips to help you stay motivated, organized, and even ahead of the curve. Keep a calendar. We know, we know, you’ve been managing deadlines for your entire academic career. But whether you keep a meticulously color coded Google Calendar or simply have a spidey sense for approaching deadlines, secondaries can still take you by surprise. So set up a system that’s easy for you to understand, maintain, and reference. It could be as simple as a running list of deadlines written on a whiteboard or pinned by your desk. Or if you’re more of a spreadsheet type, maybe you set up a database of all the secondary application information you need from deadlines to prompts and word limits. Whatever you do, make sure it’s set up in a way that clearly shows you when the next deadline is and how much work you have to get done by then. The constant reminders may seem stressful or annoying, but you’ll thank us when you’re juggling 30 different questions for 5 different schools. (Yes, this could really happen.) Look for overlap. Although medical schools can ask a lot of questions on their secondary applications, they aren’t always original. After all, you’re going to be a doctor, not a journalist. Some common questions that tend to crop up repeatedly are (in CEA’s own words): Why do you want to study medicine at [insert literally any med school]? What makes you different? What will you contribute to the school community that your fellow applicants won’t? AND/OR What aspect of your background or upbringing makes you unique? AND/OR What are your interests outside of medicine and science? Describe a time when you had to collaborate with others (and what you learned). Describe a challenge or failure you have had to overcome (and how you did it). As you see questions like these begin to pop up in your secondary applications, flag them. Star the drafts in Google Drive (or your filing system of choice). Highlight them in the aforementioned spreadsheet. Do whatever you need to do to remember where they are and what you wrote because, chances are, you’ll be able to recycle and tweak them in other applications. In an ideal world, you won’t have to write anything from scratch when you get down to your last few applications. You’re welcome. Brainstorm preemptively. Don’t wait for an invitation to get started. We’ve already given you an idea of what to expect so you might as well get ahead of the curve. Just because you haven’t come across a question about collaboration yet doesn’t mean you’re in the clear! Even setting aside 15 minutes a day to brainstorm bullet points or freewrite on each of the broad themes listed above will give you a huge advantage. No need to write a fully-formed, perfectly punctuated essay at this point. Just having a ready supply of good ideas (and maybe even a few preliminary paragraphs) is enough to grease the wheels and keep you moving forward. Pick a priority. As we’ve been saying: secondaries come at you fast. The simplest option is to muscle your way through your applications in the order you receive them, but it may not always be the smartest. To optimize your essay-writing, prioritize your work by deadline, then by desirability, and finally by length. Yes, this is like triage. Here’s the breakdown: Deadline: Missing a deadline is probably the worst case scenario, so make due date your top priority. Secondaries don’t always come out in deadline order, but your handy calendar will keep you on track. (Again, you’re welcome.) Desirability: If a few schools have the same deadline, you’ll have to decide where to focus your attention first. You only have so much bandwidth, so be selfish: Which school appeals to you most? Which has the best reputation? Those are the applications you should work on first. (Chances are, by the time you get to the others, you’ll already have some solid content to recycle.) Length: All other things being equal, work through overlapping prompts in order of word count. As you prepare to remix, recycle, and tweak your writing to fit different questions and requirements, keep in mind that it’s always easier to cut material than to embellish after the fact. Starting with your longest word counts and whittling them down will ultimately save you time and effort, but it’s not worth working this way if it will prevent you from meeting a deadline or devoting enough attention to your dream school. And that is it, dear applicants! Your complete survival guide to secondaries season. Now go forth and power through! About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Need help getting started? We're here to help. GET IN TOUCH »

Indian School of Business Rob a Shop - 1127 Words

INDIAN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS | ROB A SHOP 1. PARTICIPANTS’S BACKGROUND Aarushi Khanna Brought up in the Middle East and pursued Chemical Engineering from NITK, Surathkal. Business development/entrepreneurial experience as part of two high technology and research start-ups in the field of mobile application development and robotics automation. Led several projects across sectors such as mobile banking, retail, FB, social networking and interactive advertising/animation. Nakul Vakil A Bachelors degree in Electronic Engineering from the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Vadodara in 2009. Started own design studio in early 2010 working on local Design projects on web and print media. Started A.Live Mind in 2012. Extensive knowledge of local market and internet trends. Proficient in UI/UX and Marketing. 2. BUSINESS MODEL Rob-a-Shop (RAS) is Software as a Service (SaaS Model) that is designed to enhance a users’ shopping experience by having a conversation between them and their favorite brands. RAS is a location based deal aggregator for the customers and a provider of customer behavior data analytics to the retailers. Our goal is to provide an affordable marketing space to small and large retail business owners where they have complete control over various marketing campaigns they broadcast and receive valuable feedback for the same to plan future events. RAS gives small and large size retail business owners a medium to promote their products and services, using aShow MoreRelatedYes We Cannabis3839 Words   |  16 Pagessitting on top of it when it does? ArcView aims to bridge the gap between would-be financiers of this new industry -- investors who sometimes know little about marijuana -- and would-be entrepreneurs in it, who sometimes know little about finance or business. ArcView launched its Angel Network in November 2011 -- right in the teeth of a federal crackdown during which hundreds of medical marijuana dispensaries in California, Michigan, and Montana were being closed down, killing investor enthusiasm. ButRead MoreCoke vs Pepsi in India6705 Words   |  27 Pages THE INDIAN SOFT DRINKS INDUSrRY In India, over 45 percent of the soft drinks industry in 1993 consisted of small manufacturers. Their combined business was worth $3.2 million dollars. Leading producers inc1uded Parle Agro (hereafter Parle), Pure Drinks, Modern Foods, and McDowells. They offered carbonated orange and lemon-lime beverage drinks. Coca-Cola Corporation (hereafter Coca-Cola) was only a distant memory to most Indians at that time. The company had been present in the Indian marketRead MoreMarketing Project of Reckitt Benckiser19417 Words   |  78 Pagesand marketing home, health and personal care products. Headquartered in Slough, near London, UK, it has operations in over 60 countries, including 42 manufacturing facilities, and sales in nearly 200countries. RB is ranked 6th in the 2008 European Business Week 50, the magazines annual ranking of the best performing companies within the Samp;P European 350.The companys strategy is to have a highly focused portfolio concentrating on its 17 most profitable brands, which were responsible for 62% ofRead MoreMarketing Project of Reckitt Benckiser19403 Words   |  78 Pagesand marketing home, health and personal care products. Headquartered in Slough, near London, UK, it has operations in over 60 countries, including 42 manufacturing facilities, and sales in nearly 200countries. 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Thus amniocentesis or sex determination of t he child in the womb is being sought by couples to know if it is female or male. Many female fetuses have been killed because of this method as couples whom prefer sons. One Indian said: It is better to spend 500 rupees (for amniocentesis) now than to spend 500,000 rupees later for a daughters marriage dowry. Japenese women feminists have decried thir countrymen who leave their wives walking ten feet behind him, therebyRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesup with power politics. The ‘realism’ which is preached in Japanese and Italian newspapers would horrify them. One can learn a good deal about the spirit of England from the comic coloured postcards that you see in the windows of cheap stationers’ shops. These things are a sort of diary upon which the English people have unconsciously recorded themselves. 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The conversation was then interrupted by a user who accused the two of being undeserving beggars who had cornered seats in schools, colleges and government offices. Soon, the thread was ablaze with hundreds of responses in a free-for-all mudslinging competition and a crash course in the choicest Hindi expletives. Social networking sites Orkut and Facebook have become a fertileRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesthe Marriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architect

Term Paper About Religion and Democracy

A legitimate government is crucial to the prosperity of a country and its people. A government that is acceptable to everybody is a product of a democratic process. Democracy is a system of governance where electing and replacing of an incumbent government is done through free and fair elections, (Adams Henry, 2008:2-5.)In a democratic system the government and the citizenry enters a social contract. The government is given the mandate by the electorate, to implement the social contract for the fixed period of time, failure to which it is kicked out through an election. Besides elections a democratic system displays the following features: Recurrent free and fair elections,   Ã‚  Human rights are respected, political party pluralism exists, and above all civil society is tolerated (Ibid: 15-17). It is impossible for the state to remain religious at the same time democratic. In every jurisdiction there are always people of different religious orientation. They may be affiliated to d ominant or minority religions, therefore it is prudent for every state to remain secular in order to uphold the rights of every religion. Depending on the location of the state there’s always a dominant religion and minority religion. A dichotomy between governance and religion   should be there, to avoid the Un- necessary conflicts that arise due to different ideologies of different religions, (Anderson, John ,2006:78-85).In a secular state religion play a very instrumental role in nurturing democracy, by giving direction to the government where it has faulted. The cause of the reformation of the church in 1450-1550 A.D was due to intolerance of individual views and liberties. The modern religions have not transformed either, they are still conservative by opposing new ideas . The principle of liberalism is a key facet of a democratic state; therefore any state that claims to be democratic must uphold this principle. It becomes difficult for such a state to uphold the same principle if it maintains the duality of religion and democracy because most of religions, do not allow people to behave as they wish as long as they don’t enfranchise on the rights of others. The Duality Of Democracy And Religion In Middle East The Middle East comprises countries like Iraq, Iran Saud Arabia and many others. My discussion will be limited to Iran by examining the implications or possibility of maintaining this double characteristic. In situations where extreme fundamental principles of a religion like Islam are the basis of governance, it is difficult to nurture the spirit of democracy. Sharia law is very intricate hence difficult for liberal ideas of a modern government to penetrate. Majority of the states in Middle East are governed by extreme Islamic fundamentalism which is opposed to western liberal ideas, (Sayed ,Khatab 2007:107-112 )The system of governance in Iran   is based on extreme Islamic fundamentalism where the Koran is the only document recognised when interpreting social political and economic issues. It is illegal to refer to any other book or document. Iran like many other states it is a republic but it is a special republic, where the highest office is that of a supreme leader. The second most powerful office to the supreme leader is the presidency. The qualification of the supreme leader is that he must have had intense training in Islamic law and must be someone of justice. The supreme leader is the appointing authority of the powerful offices like the commander of the armed forces, director of communication, and the chief judges who decides the bills that becomes the law and determines who runs for presidency and parliament. What the supreme leader pronounces becomes the law because according to the Koran the Muslims are not supposed to challenge what their leader says, (ibid: 123-125). Implications of Religion to Democracy in Iran Historically the supreme leaders have, evaded elections yet they are vested with appointing authority. Therefore his leadership is not legitimate because people are not given the opportunity to elect an individual whom they want. Therefore there’s, a tendency of a supreme leader to impose his leadership to be accepted. In a democratic state, the culture of regular and free elections of the parliamentarians, and the executive is practised. Although regular elections has been conducted in Iran, it has not been free and fair because the supreme leader, single headedly appoints the high court judges who decides who to run for presidency or parliament therefore the outcome of the elections can easily be predetermined by the supreme leader. Besides exclusive power to appointment the supreme leader has got no proper checks and measures because his word is law and must be respected by the parliament. Therefore the supreme leader can misinterpret the law to favour his personal interests. In a country like Iran where the Koran is the basis of the society there’s a threat of discrimination. The Koran discriminates against women and the minority religions. The rights of people who subscribe to minority religions are always abused they intimidated and denied freedom of expression. (Charles   ,E 2001:200-205 ) In order to successfully to incorporate the aspect of religion in democracy the Islamic region must be modified in away to suit democracy. Islamic subgroups like Islamic brotherhood which incorporates secularism in Islamic culture, is friendly to democracy hence should be encouraged. Work cited Anderson, John Religion Democracy and democratisation Rutledge (2006) Sayed, Khatab Democracy in Islam   Rutledge (2007) Charles, E   Between the state and Islam Cambridge university press(2001) Adams, Henry Democracy :An American Novel Cosmo (2008)

Statistics and Psychology Free Essays

There are numerous applications of statistical reasoning and research methods in the field of psychology. From simple aspects of reading and interpreting psychology articles, to completing personal research, statistics is a necessary concept to understand. The scientific method is essential to research, and many of the concepts cross the lines into statistics. We will write a custom essay sample on Statistics and Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also imperative for us to compare and contrast the characteristics of primary and secondary data. Ultimately, the focus of these topics centers on the application of statistical reasoning in psychology.Statistics in Psychology One might ask themselves how mathematical concepts could possibly apply to psychology. The answer is simpler than many imagine, all one has to do is focus on the interpretation. Reading psychology research articles is a common occurrence for anyone in the field. Without the ability to understand the jargon, tables, graphs, and other aspects at the heart of statistics, one is unable to truly process the findings of research (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2009). Research is an iatrical part to nearly every field of psychology, but especially those who seek to answer questions and gain insight to problems.Most fields of psychology –including counseling and clinical focuses- require answers to questions (Aron, Aron, Coups, 2009). Answering questions requires some form of research, which uses statistics on some level. To answer many of these questions, research is done with some application of the scientific method. Research and the Scientific Method When searching for the answer to a problem, most go about it in an orderly way. The research done in the scientific method is simple application of systematic and logical steps to problem solving (Cowens, 2006).Using the five-step process allows researchers to examine any inquiry. The Five-Step Approach The first step is to determine a problem to solve, or make an observation (Cowens, 2006). This can be a simple question or a more complex desire to understand how or why something works. For instance, a psychologist seeks to understand why certain object triggers rage in a patient. Step two is to determine a hypothesis (Cowens, 2006). A hypothesis is usually a speculation or idea about how or why something happens. This step seeks to predict the outcome or reasoning of the problem.The psychologist may form the hypothesis that the object triggers rage because the patient associates the object with past trauma. Now it is time to test the hypothesis. Experimentation and research enters the picture for this step (Cowens, 2006). To test the hypothesis, the psychologist may use sessions or questions as research. They may also try other objects, or use hypnosis to recall the trauma. Recording the observations is an essential step in the scientific method (Cowens, 2006). All observations are important, and frequency tables, graphs, and charts explore the statistical application of the scientific method.In addition to these, psychologists may use notes to explore the reasoning. The final step is drawing a conclusion (Cowens, 2006). The purpose of this step is the interpretation of the findings. The results may either support the hypothesis, or raise new questions to explore. The psychologist may find no past trauma, and determine that all purple objects trigger both rage and fear. They then will seek a new hypothesis to begin a new search for answers. Primary and Secondary Data In any aspect of research, it is imperative to consider the validity of results.Primary data is described as data observed or collected directly from first-hand experience (Triola, 2010). Secondary data is published data, or data collected by others (Triola, 2010). Primary data is preferred in research because the knowledge is obtained first-hand, where secondary relies on the observations of others. For instance, more accurate results in a weight study will come from the direct weighing of the patients than asking them their weight. Statistics in Research Psychologists use univariate principles when they measure only one variable and multivariate procedure when using variables to ascertain relationships (Chow, 2002).Psychologists often use statistics to identify areas of research interest. In testing a hypothesis, many researchers need to turn questions into testable numerical data. One of the most common statistics applications is the testing of the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis involves the original claim –like 50 out of 100 patients see success in regression techniques to overcome phobias- and turning it into a mathematical claim (Â µ = 50). The alternative hypothesis represents the difference of a claim, or the probability that it is untrue because the test statistic is outside the given range (Â µ ? 50). These claims are tested, and if it is found that less than 50 patients saw success with regression techniques, then researchers are able to use statistical reasoning to disprove the statement. Overall, statistical reasoning is extremely important in the interpretation of research results obtained through the scientific method. Personal Application The concepts discussed throughout this paper have focused on many answers this author hopes to find in her professional life, and has pursued in her personal life. The author cited the example of rage and fear caused by purple, because her nine-year-old sister suffers problems with this concept.After many trials, tests, and visits to therapy, we were able to determine that she associated the color with Barney the dinosaur, and she cross-associated Barney with a fear of dinosaurs coming back to life in an old movie. Although a simple study, it had great impact on this author’s life, and her future pursuit of psychology. Conclusion Sta tistical reasoning in psychology may seem like a contradiction to many. However, any pursuit of answers requires research –which employs the scientific method and statistics. We have determined primary data to be more beneficial and reliable than secondary data.We have also applied the concept of hypotheses to statistics and basic research. In conclusion, even simple understanding in psychology is often related to statistical reasoning. ?References Aron, A. , Aron, E. N. , Coups, E. J. (2009). Statistics for psychology (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall Chow, S. L. (2002). Statistics and its role in psychological research. Methods in Psychological Research. Retrieved October 3, 2010 from ProQuest database. Cowens, J. (2006, August/September). The scientific method. Teaching PreK-8. (37)1. 42. Triola, M. F. (2010). Elementary Statistics. (11th Ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson. How to cite Statistics and Psychology, Papers

Propaganda Techniques free essay sample

Techniques Introduction about Propaganda Propaganda defined as Manipulation of information to influence public opinion. The term comes from Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith), a missionary organization established by the pope in 1622. Propagandists emphasize the elements of information that support their position and deemphasize or exclude those that do not. Misleading statements and even lies may be used to create the desired effect in the public audience. Lobbying, advertising, and missionary activity are all forms of propaganda, but the term is most commonly used in the political arena. Prior to the 20th century, pictures and the written media were the principal instruments of propaganda; radio, television, motion pictures, and the Internet later joined their ranks. Authoritarian and totalitarian regimes use propaganda to win and keep the support of the populace. In wartime, propaganda directed by a country at its own civilian population and military forces can boost morale; propaganda aimed at the enemy is an element of psychological warfare. We will write a custom essay sample on Propaganda Techniques or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Propaganda Techniques are the methods and approaches used to spread ideas that further a cause a political, commercial, religious, or civil cause. They used to manipulate the readers or viewers reason and emotions; to persuade you to believe in something or someone, buy an item, or vote a certain way. Propaganda techniques: Bandwagon: Bandwagon is one of the most common techniques in both wartime and peacetime and plays an important part in modern advertising. Bandwagon is also one of the seven main propaganda techniques identified by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis in 1938. Bandwagon is an appeal to the subject to follow the crowd, to join in because others are doing so as well. Bandwagon propaganda is, essentially, trying to convince the subject that one side is the winning side, because more people have joined it. The subject is meant to believe that since so many people have joined, that victory is inevitable and defeat impossible. Since the average person always wants to be on the winning side, he or she is compelled to join in. However, in modern propaganda, bandwagon has taken a new twist. The subject is to be convinced by the propaganda that since everyone else is doing it, they will be left out if they do not. This is, effectively, the opposite of the other type of bandwagon, but usually provokes the same results. Subjects of bandwagon are compelled to join in because everyone else is doing so as well. When confronted with bandwagon propaganda, we should weigh the pros and cons of joining in independently from the amount of people who have already joined, and, as with most types of propaganda, we should seek more information. Card stacking: Card stacking, or selective omission, is one of the seven techniques identified by the IPA, or Institute for Propaganda Analysis. It involves only presenting information that is positive to an idea or proposal and omitting information contrary to it. Card stacking is used in almost all forms of propaganda, and is extremely effective in convincing the public. Although the majority of information presented by the card stacking approach is true, it is dangerous because it omits important information. The best way to deal with card stacking is to get more information. Propaganda Techniques Introduction about Propaganda Propaganda defined as Manipulation of information to influence public opinion. The term comes from Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith), a missionary organization established by the pope in 1622. Propagandists emphasize the elements of information that support their position and deemphasize or exclude those that do not. Misleading statements and even lies may be used to create the desired effect in the public audience. Lobbying, advertising, and missionary activity are all forms of propaganda, but the term is most commonly used in the political arena. Prior to the 20th century, pictures and the written media were the principal instruments of propaganda; radio, television, motion pictures, and the Internet later joined their ranks. Authoritarian and totalitarian regimes use propaganda to win and keep the support of the populace. In wartime, propaganda directed by a country at its own civilian population and military forces can boost morale; propaganda aimed at the enemy is an element of psychological warfare. Propaganda Techniques are the methods and approaches used to spread ideas that further a cause a political, commercial, religious, or civil cause. They used to manipulate the readers or viewers reason and emotions; to persuade you to believe in something or someone, buy an item, or vote a certain way. Propaganda techniques: Bandwagon: Bandwagon is one of the most common techniques in both wartime and peacetime and plays an important part in modern advertising. Bandwagon is also one of the seven main propaganda techniques identified by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis in 1938. Bandwagon is an appeal to the subject to follow the crowd, to join in because others are doing so as well. Bandwagon propaganda is, essentially, trying to convince the subject that one side is the winning side, because more people have joined it. The subject is meant to believe that since so many people have joined, that victory is inevitable and defeat impossible. Since the average person always wants to be on the winning side, he or she is compelled to join in. However, in modern propaganda, bandwagon has taken a new twist. The subject is to be convinced by the propaganda that since everyone else is doing it, they will be left out if they do not. This is, effectively, the opposite of the other type of bandwagon, but usually provokes the same results. Subjects of bandwagon are compelled to join in because everyone else is doing so as well. When confronted with bandwagon propaganda, we should weigh the pros and cons of joining in independently from the amount of people who have already joined, and, as with most types of propaganda, we should seek more information. Card stacking: Card stacking, or selective omission, is one of the seven techniques identified by the IPA, or Institute for Propaganda Analysis. It involves only presenting information that is positive to an idea or proposal and omitting information contrary to it. Card stacking is used in almost all forms of propaganda, and is extremely effective in convincing the public. Although the majority of information presented by the card stacking approach is true, it is dangerous because it omits important information. The best way to deal with card stacking is to get more information. Glittering Generalities: Glittering generalities was one of the seven main propaganda techniques identified by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis in 1938. It also occurs very often in politics and political propaganda. Glittering generalities are words that have different positive meaning for individual subjects, but are linked to highly valued concepts. When these words are used, they demand approval without thinking, simply because such an important concept is involved. For example, when a person is asked to do something in defense of democracy they are more likely to agree. The concept of democracy has a positive connotation to them because it is linked to a concept that they value. Words often used as glittering generalities are honor, glory, love of country, and especially in the United States, freedom. When coming across with glittering generalities, we should especially consider the merits of the idea itself when separated from specific words. Name Calling: Name-calling occurs often in politics and wartime scenarios, but very seldom in advertising. It is another of the seven main techniques designated by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis. It is the use of derogatory language or words that carry a negative connotation when describing an enemy. The propaganda attempts to arouse prejudice among the public by labeling the target something that the public dislikes. Often, name-calling is employed using sarcasm and ridicule, and shows up often in political cartoons or writings. When examining name calling propaganda, we should attempt to separate our feelings about the name and our feelings about the actual idea or proposal. Plain Folks: The plain folks propaganda technique was another of the seven main techniques identified by the IPA, or Institute for Propaganda Analysis. The plain folks  device is an attempt by the propagandist to convince the public that his views reflect those of the common person and that they are also working for the benefit of the common person. The propagandist will often attempt to use the accent of a specific audience as well as using specific idioms or jokes. Also, the propagandist, especially during speeches, may attempt to increase the illusion through imperfect pronunciation, stuttering, and a more limited vocabulary. Errors such as these help add to the impression of sincerity and spontaneity. This technique is usually most effective when used with glittering generalities, in an attempt to convince the public that the propagandist views about highly valued ideas are similar to their own and therefore more valid. When confronted by this type of propaganda, the subject should consider the proposals and ideas separately from the personality of the presenter. Transfer: Transfer is another of the seven main propaganda terms first used by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis in 1938. Transfer is often used in politics and during wartime. It is an attempt to make the subject view a certain item in the same way as they view another item, to link the two in the subjects mind. Although this technique is often used to transfer negative feelings for one object to another, it can also be used in positive ways. By linking an item to something the subject respects or enjoys, positive feelings can be generated for it. However, in politics, transfer is most often used to transfer blame or bad feelings from one politician to another of his friends or party members, or even to the party itself. When confronted with propaganda using the transfer technique, we should question the merits or problems of the proposal or idea independently of convictions about other objects or proposals. Glittering Generalities: Glittering generalities was one of the seven main propaganda techniques identified by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis in 1938. It also occurs very often in politics and political propaganda. Glittering generalities are words that have different positive meaning for individual subjects, but are linked to highly valued concepts. When these words are used, they demand approval without thinking, simply because such an important concept is involved. For example, when a person is asked to do something in defense of democracy they are more likely to agree. The concept of democracy has a positive connotation to them because it is linked to a concept that they value. Words often used as glittering generalities are honor, glory, love of country, and especially in the United States, freedom. When coming across with glittering generalities, we should especially consider the merits of the idea itself when separated from specific words. Name Calling: Name-calling occurs often in politics and wartime scenarios, but very seldom in advertising. It is another of the seven main techniques designated by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis. It is the use of derogatory language or words that carry a negative connotation when describing an enemy. The propaganda attempts to arouse prejudice among the public by labeling the target something that the public dislikes. Often, name-calling is employed using sarcasm and ridicule, and shows up often in political cartoons or writings. When examining name calling propaganda, we should attempt to separate our feelings about the name and our feelings about the actual idea or proposal. Plain Folks: The plain folks propaganda technique was another of the seven main techniques identified by the IPA, or Institute for Propaganda Analysis. The plain folks device is an attempt by the propagandist to convince the public that his views reflect those of the common person and that they are also working for the benefit of the common person. The propagandist will often attempt to use the accent of a specific audience as well as using specific idioms or jokes. Also, the propagandist, especially during speeches, may attempt to increase the illusion through imperfect pronunciation, stuttering, and a more limited vocabulary. Errors such as these help add to the impression of sincerity and spontaneity. This technique is usually most effective when used with glittering generalities, in an attempt to convince the public that the propagandist views about highly valued ideas are similar to their own and therefore more valid. When confronted by this type of propaganda, the subject should consider the proposals and ideas separately from the personality of the presenter. Transfer: Transfer is another of the seven main propaganda terms first used by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis in 1938. Transfer is often used in politics and during wartime. It is an attempt to make the subject view a certain item in the same way as they view another item, to link the two in the subjects mind. Although this technique is often used to transfer negative feelings for one object to another, it can also be used in positive ways. By linking an item to something the subject respects or enjoys, positive feelings can be generated for it. However, in politics, transfer is most often used to transfer blame or bad feelings from one politician to another of his friends or party members, or even to the party itself. When confronted with propaganda using the transfer technique, we should question the merits or problems of the proposal or idea independently of convictions about other objects or proposals. Testimonials: Testimonials are another of the seven main forms of propaganda identified by the Institute for Propaganda Analysis. Testimonials are quotations or endorsements, in or out of context, which attempt to connect a famous or respectable person with a product or item. Testimonials are very closely connected to the transfer technique, in that an attempt is made to connect an agreeable person to another item. Testimonials are often used in advertising and political campaigns. When coming across testimonials, the subject should consider the merits of the item or proposal independently of the person of organization giving the testimonial. Simplification (Stereotyping): Simplification is extremely similar to pinpointing the enemy, in that it often reduces a complex situation to a clear-cut choice involving good and evil. This technique is often useful in swaying uneducated audiences. When faced with simplification, it is often useful to examine other factors and pieces of the proposal or idea, and, as with all other forms of propaganda, it is essential to get more information. Assertion: Assertion is commonly used in advertising and modern propaganda. An assertion is an enthusiastic or energetic statement presented as a fact, although it is not necessarily true. They often imply that the statement requires no explanation or back up, but that it should merely be accepted without question. Examples of assertion, although somewhat scarce in wartime propaganda, can be found often in modern advertising propaganda. Any time an advertiser states that their product is the best without providing evidence for this, they are using an assertion. The subject, ideally, should simply agree to the statement without searching for additional information or reasoning. Assertions, although usually simple to spot, are often dangerous forms of propaganda because they often include falsehoods or lies. Lesser of Two Evils: The lesser of two evils technique tries to convince us of an idea or proposal by presenting it as the least offensive option. This technique is often implemented during wartime to convince people of the need for sacrifices or to justify difficult decisions. This technique is often accompanied by adding blame on an enemy country or political group. One idea or proposal is often depicted as one of the only options or paths. When confronted with this technique, the subject should consider the value of any proposal independently of those it is being compared with. Pinpointing the Enemy: Pinpointing the enemy is used extremely often during wartime, and also in political campaigns and debates. This is an attempt to simplify a complex situation by presenting one specific group or person as the enemy. Although there may be other factors involved the subject is urged to simply view the situation in terms of clear-cut right and wrong. When coming in contact with this technique, the subject should attempt to consider all other factors tied into the situation. As with almost all propaganda techniques, the subject should attempt to find more information on the topic. An informed person is much less susceptible to this sort of propaganda. Simplification (Stereotyping): Simplification is extremely similar to pinpointing the enemy, in that it often reduces a complex situation to a clear-cut choice involving good and evil. This technique is often useful in swaying uneducated audiences. When faced with simplification, it is often useful to examine other factors and pieces of the proposal or idea, and, as with all other forms of propaganda, it is essential to get more information.